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Light Base Tpyes |
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The part of the lamp that connects into the light fitting is generally known either as the "cap" or "base". This provides the electrical contact and also often the physical location of the lamp. A vast variety of caps and bases exist in order to help make sure that only the correct type of lamp is used in any given fitting. This section shows many of the most popular fittings.
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Bayonet Cap |
With its familiar "push and twist" action, "bayonet cap" (also known as BC or B22d) is used on most regular light bulbs.
It is 22mm diameter and with two locating lugs.The "small bayonet cap" (SBC or B15d) is very similar but only 15mm across.
Although generally used for mains voltage lamps, the SBC fitting can also be found in a very small number of specialist low voltage halogen lamps. |
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There are also many other "BC" variants including the 3-pin BC, B22d-3 sometimes used on Fireglow lamps but perhaps more commonly on High pressure mercury lamps for industrial applications. The BY22d is used on some low-pressure sodium (SOX) lamps. |
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Edison Screw Cap |
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Named after the pioneering inventor Thomas Edison, the Edison Screw or "ES" lamp fitting is used worldwide in a vast range of applications.
The most popular ES or E27 fitting is 27mm diameter and is widely used in both the US and Europe. The SES is often used for smaller decorative fittings, chandeliers, and appliance bulbs -predominantly in the UK and Europe. CES is most frequently used in the US and Canada, especially for candle bulbs. The MES fitting is sometimes used in large chandeliers containing perhaps dozens of small lamps. |
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The GES is rarely used in domestic applications and is typically for lamps over 500W. This must not be confused with the extremely similar US standard 39mm diameter E39 or Mogul Screw fitting
The most commonly used screw fittings are shown in the table below. Other, less frequently used, sizes include E11, E17 and E26.
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Designation |
Diameter |
Name |
Abbreviation |
E5 |
5mm |
Lilliput Edison Screw |
LES |
E10 |
10mm |
Miniature Edison Screw |
MDS |
E12 |
12mm |
Candelabra Edison Screw |
CES |
E14 |
14mm |
Small Edison Screw |
SES |
E27 |
27mm |
Edison Screw |
ES |
E40 |
40mm |
Giant Edison Screw |
GES |
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Halogen Spotlights |
The most common halogen spots are either push fit (GU4 or GU5.3), low voltage type or twist and lock (GU10 or GZ10) mains versions. PLEASE NOTE the subtle difference between GU10 and GZ10. The GU10 has a bevel around the base but the GZ10 has a square corner. This stops the GZ10 being used in a fitting designed for a GU10 but allows the GU10 to be used in either.
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